Surgical case cart

ABSTRACT

A surgical case cart having a closed container supported on a chassis. The closed container includes a pair of front door panels hinged to side door panels which in turn are hinged to side wall sections, so that the container can be completely opened with the front and portions of the sides being exposed by the door panels wrapping around the side and back. The door panels are formed of single pan construction so as to avoid cracks and crevices, and yet exhibit rigidity of a double pan door construction. The lower edges of the door panels provide a baffle effect to reduce the movement of contaminated air into the cart. The top of the cart contains an overhang lip to prevent liquids from spilling into the container. Stem mounted casters are utilized to avoid flat horizontal surfaces on which dirt can collect. The intersection between the back, sides and chassis is constructed to avoid the possibility of collecting contamination and bacteria. A door latch is provided which indicates whether the contents of the cart are sterile or contaminated. Opening of the cart door panels nevertheless can be accomplished without the use of the operator&#39;s hands. The cart construction therefore provides improved sterility, greater accessibility, and brings about easier maintenance.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to containers, and more particularly to a closedsurgical case cart.

Surgical carts are generally used in transporting sterile supplies anddevices from a supply room to an operating room, and to transport thesoiled equipment from the operating room at the conclusion of thesurgery. The particular supplies and instruments are usually stored in acentral supply area in a sterilized condition. Prior to the operation,the surgeon determines the particular supplies, instruments, kits, etc.that will be required, and orders these from the central supply area.The materials are collected from the inventory and placed in a surgicalcase cart and the cart is identified for the particular operation.

When the cart arrives at the operating room area, an inventory is takenof all of the materials to insure that the required equipment isavailable. Prior to the operation, the cart is wheeled into theoperating room and opened. Sterile drapes are used to cover the carts,and the equipment is unwrapped and laid out on the cart top for furtheruse.

When the operation is completed, tne used and soiled instruments, andsometimes even the pathological waste, are placed in the cart and thecart is returned to the decontamination area. The cart is then emptiedand the instruments are sterilized. The cart is cleaned by placing it inan automated cart wash. The cart is then returned to the central supplyarea and the cycle repeats.

When the supply room is close to the operating room, a simple, openutility cart may be used to transport the equipment between the supplyroom and the operating room. These open carts are generally ideal foruse since they are open for easy visability and ready accessibility tothe instruments.

However, when the supply room is located at a distance remote from theoperating room, the open utility carts are inadequate because they allowcontamination of the equipment during transportation through thehospital. As a result, closed carts are employed for such purposes.However, while the closed carts offer improved protection and sterility,they lack the benefits of accessibility and visability offered by theopen carts.

Many prior art closed carts have been provided. While these havesatisfied the general purpose of transportation to and from theoperating room, they have been inconvenient since it is awkward to gainaccess to the interior of such closed carts during the course of theoperating procedure.

Additionally, a great problem with prior art closed carts concerns theability to clean and sanitize the cart. Many of the carts includecrevices and corners resulting from particular construction which takesit difficult to completely clean out the carts. As a result, residualbacteria often remains on such prior art carts. Furthermore, in manycases where horizontal areas are provided in the cart construction,water from the automatic wash can become entrapped in such areas andwill continuously drip wash water from these areas.

A further problem with prior art carts concerns the possibility ofcontamination entering into the cart. Typically, liquid spilled on thecart top can find its way inside of the doors of the cart. Should liquidbe accidentally spilled onto the cart, although someone will wipe andsanitize the exterior, it is unlikely that he would realize that theinterior has also become contaminated due to the leakage into the cart.As a result, it is possible for contaminated instruments to be usedduring actual surgery.

Since the cart is used both to bring sterile instruments into theoperating room, as well as to remove contaminated instruments from theoperating room, it is advisable to have an indication on the cartwhether the particular closed cart contains sterile instruments orcontaminated instruments. Should no indication be provided, it ispossible that a contaminated cart would be opened in a sterile area, andthe reverse could also occur.

Other problems with prior art carts concern their particular types ofconstruction. For example, many closed carts use a double pan door.While such doors provide rigidity, contamination may remain within thespace between the door walls. Alternately, the water from the automaticwash can become entrapped in this space. The connection of the wheels orcasters to the chassis of the cart can provide horizontal areas havingcracks and crevices therein which can store bacteria and othercontamination. The interconnection between the walls of the cart canalso provide areas and crevices for contamination.

Accordingly, although numerous surgical case carts are readilyavailable, there appears to be needed an improved cart which avoids theaforementioned problems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide ansurgical case cart which is closed and yet provides the benefits of anopen cart.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a closedsurgical case cart which has increased visability and accessibilitythrough the use of side doors as well as front doors.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved closedsurgical case cart having minimal cracks, crevices, or concealed areas,thereby avoiding the storage of bacteria and preventing the entrapmentof wash water.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a closedsurgical case cart permitting increased accessibility, whilefacilitating and improving the cleaning aspects of the cart.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a closedsurgical case cart having a chassis with an improved mounting of thecasters to avoid flat horizontal surfaces on which dirt can collect.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a closed surgicalcase cart having a selected relationship between the panels and walls ofthe cart so as to improve the sanitary nature of the cart.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a closed surgicalcase cart having single pan doors with improved rigidity so as to avoidentrapment of contamination or wash water within the doors.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a closedsurgical case cart having a surface structure whereby liquids spilled onthe top of the cart do not drip into the cart, but are rather drippedonto the outer surface of the cart.

Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide a closedsurgical case cart having doors which create a baffle effect, therebyreducing the movement of contaminated air into or out of the carts.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a closedsurgical case cart having a door latch providing an indication ofwhether the contents of the cart are sterile or contaminated.

Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide a closedsurgical case cart wherein the doors can be easily opened without theuse of the operator's hands.

Briefly, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided aclosed surgical case cart having a container portion including a base, atop wall, a rear wall, opposing side walls, and a front wall. The frontwall is split or divided so as to define a pair of adjacent front doorpanels. Each of the side walls are also split or divided, wherein theforward portion thereof defines a side door panel and the rearwardportion thereof defines a fixed side panel. Hinges are provided forcoupling the front door panel to a respective side door panel. The sidedoor panels in turn are hinged to a respective fixed side panel. In thismanner, the container portion can be maintained in a closed condition orin an open condition. In the open condition, the entire front and partof the sides of the container portion are opened to provide improvedvisability and access to the interior of the container portion.

In an embodiment of the present invention, when in an open condition,the side door panels overlie the fixed side panels and the front doorpanels overlie the back wall, so as to have the doors completelysurround the container portion, whereby only interior surfaces areexposed.

The side door panels are released by means of a latch. With the latchsecured in the side door panels, the front door panels can be foldedonto the side walls, thereby providing a partially opened condition. Anarm is provided for spacing the front door panels from the fixed sidepanels when the container is in an open condition with the side doorpanels released, to thereby expose all of the surfaces of the front andside walls to facilitating washing of the cart.

The present invention further contemplates a surgical case cartcomprising an enclosed container having a pair of adjacent front doorpanels with an overlying top wall. A latching mechanism is providedwhich has two distinguishably different closed positions for locking thedoor panels into a closed condition. It also has an open condition forpermitting opening of the door panels. Accordingly, one of the twoclosed positions provides an indication that the contents of the cartsare sterile and the cart is therefore available for surgery. The otherof the closed positions provides an indication that the contents arecontaminated amd that the cart is now ready for transport to thedecontamination area.

In an embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a footlatch so that when the latching mechanism is in its open position, thedoor is easily released by means of the foot latch without the need ofutilizing the operator's hands to open the door. The foot latch isinoperative when the latching mechanism is in either of the abovementioned two closed positions.

The present invention further contemplates a surgical case cart havingan enclosed container with a front door panel having an outer surface,the container having an overlying top wall. The top wall has at itsforward end a downwardly depending lip. The distal end of the lipterminates at a location slightly above and forward of the outer surfaceof the front door panel. In this way, liquid spilled onto the top wallcan roll down the lip and drip from its edge onto the outer surface ofthe front door panel, and will not drip into the inside of thecontainer. The front door panel itself can be restrained by means of astop flange which has a first portion thereof downwardly sloping fromthe lip, and a second portion thereof extending vertically downward toserve as the door stop.

The present invention also contemplates a surgical case cart having anenclosed container supported by a chassis. The chassis includes a basewall with a downwardly depending skirt peripherally formed thereabout,and an inwardly turned flange at the lower edge of the peripheral skirt.A number of sockets are securely fastened into the flange. A stemmounted swivel caster is secured in each socket. In this way, there areno horizontal surfaces or fastening members which can store bacteria orretain liquid from the wash water.

The cart can include door panels having a single pan construction withstiffening wires formed internally of the door panels for increasedrigidity of the door panels. The stiffening wires effectively replacethe second pan to effectively provide the equivalent of a double pandoor, while avoiding the spacing between two sheets of door material.The stiffening wires can typically be an intersecting X-shaped wireconfiguration.

In order to avoid the cracks and crevices typically found in such priorart carts, the container can include a structure which avoids anyvertical abutment between the container portion and the chassis portion.For example, the lower edge of the back wall and side walls of thecontainer portion can have an inwardly sloping flanged edge whichcontacts the base wall of the chassis at a location spaced from theperipheral edge of the base wall. Suitable fastening devices can beprovided for coupling the flanged edge to the base wall. An alternativestructure would be to provide the back wall and the base wall ofintegral construction, thereby avoiding any seams or crevices at thatback junction.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

With the above and additional objects and advantages in view, as willhereinafter appear, this invention comprises the devices, combinationsand arrangements of parts hereinafter described by way of example andillustrated in the accompanying drawings of a preferred embodiment inwhich:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a surgical case cart according to thepresent inventions, showing a closed condition thereof;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the surgical case cart showing the frontdoor panels opened;

FIG. 3 is a fragmented front view showing the upper left hand corner ofthe surgical case cart with the front door opened and exposing therelease latch for the side door panel;

FIG. 4 is a top sectioned view showing the release latch of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the surgical case cart taken from therear, showing the cart in its completely open condition with both frontand side doors opened;

FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of the surgical case cart;

FIG. 7 is a fragmented perspective view showing the upper right handside of the surgical case cart with the doors in the retained positionfor washing of the cart;

FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the cart with the casters removed;

FIG. 9 is a front elevational view of the bottom chassis of the cart;

FIG. 10 is a fragmented sectional elevational view showing the pedaloperated front door cam latch;

FIG. 11 is a fragmented sectional elevational view of the rear camlatch;

FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view of the caster assembly;

FIG. 13 is a fragmented perspective view of a bottom corner of thesurgical case cart, showing the caster positioned in the bottom chassis;

FIG. 14 is a fragmented sectional side view showing the junctionalbetween the front door panel and the top wall in accordance with theprior art surgical case carts;

FIG. 15 is a fragmented sectional view similar to that shown in FIG. 14,showing the novel arrangement between the front door and the top wall ofthe surgical case cart of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is an exploded sectional elevational view showing the threeposition latching mechanism;

FIG. 17 is a fragmented front view of the latching mechanism shown inone of its locked positions;

FIG. 18 is a fragmented sectional view showing the assembled latchingmechanism of FIGS. 16 and 17;

FIG. 19 is a fragmented front view showing the latch mechanism in itsopen position;

FIG. 20 is a fragmented front view showing the latch mechanism in itsother locked position;

FIG. 21 is a schematic sectional elevational view showing theinterconnection between the back wall and the chassis in accordance withprior art surgical case carts;

FIG. 22 is a schematic sectional elevational view similar to that shownin FIG. 21, showing a first embodiment of a novel interconnection inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 23 is a schematic sectional elevational view similar to that shownin FIGS. 21 and 22, showing a second embodiment of interconnecting theback wall with the chassis in accordance with the present invention; and

FIG. 24 is a schematic sectional elevational view similar to that shownin FIGS. 21-23, showing yet a third embodiment of such interconnectionin accordance with the present invention.

In the various figures of the drawing, like reference charactersdesignate like parts.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, the surgical case cart of the presentinvention is shown generally at 10 as comprising a closed containerincluding a top wall 12, a bottom wall 14, a rear wall 16, side walls 18and 20, and adjacent front door panels 22 and 24.

The side wall 18 is split or divided, the forward portion thereofdefining a side door panel 26, and the rear portion thereof defining afixed side wall 28. Similarly, the side wall 20 is split or divided todefine the side door panel 30 at the forward portion thereof and thefixed wall 32 at the rear portion thereof.

The front door panel 22 is coupled to the side door panel 26 by means ofthe split hinges 34, 36. Similarly-the front door panel 24 is coupled tothe side door panel 30 by means of the split hinges 38, 40. Each of thesplit hinges 34-40 includes an upper plate 42 coupled to the outersurface of the respective front door panel by means of rivets, or othersuitable fastening members, and a lower plate 44 coupled to therespective jamb of the side door panels. The two hinge plates 42, 44 areheld together by a hinge pin 46. Each of the split hinges 34-40 permitsapproximately 270 degrees of rotation, whereby the front door panels 22,24 can be opened up and swung around to overlie the side walls 18, 20.As shown in FIG. 2, the front door panel 22 is swung completely aroundso as to overlie such side wall 18.

The side door panel 26 is hinged to the fixed side wall 28 by means ofthe hinges 48, 50. The opposing side door panel 30 is similarly hingedto the fixed side wall 32. The hinges 48, 50 include an upper plate 52connected to the outer surface of the respective side door panel, andthe lower hinge plate 54 connected to the jamb of the respective fixedside wall. The two hinge plates 52, 54 are held together by means of ahinge pin 56.

The hinges 48, 50 permit at least 180 degrees of rotation. In thismanner, the side door panel 26 can be swung out so as to overlie theadjacent fixed side wall 28. Similarly, on the opposing side, the sidedoor panel 30 could be swung out to overlie the fixed side wall 32. Withthe side door panels open and overlying its respective fixed side wall,the front door panels can completely swing around so as to overlie theback wall 16, as shown in FIG. 5. With both the front door panels andside door panels opened, the cart 10 is substantially exposed providinggood visability to the contents of the cart as well as accessibility toremove items from within the cart. Typically, a shelf 58 is providedinside the cart which can be made as a roll-out shelf to gain furtheraccess to the inside of the cart.

As a result of the ability to open the cart into an exposed position asshown in FIG. 5, there results the benefits of both a closed and opencart. On the one hand, the cart itself can be completely closed as shownin FIG. 1 to maintain a sterile and clean condition. At the same time,it can be opened completely into the condition shown in FIG. 5 to gainthe accessibility of an open cart. This accessibility is not only forthe convenience of removing items from the cart, but also helps toreduce exposure to contamination of the person unloading thecontaminated cart. It should be appreciated, that with the doors of thecart completely open, as shown in FIG. 5, the outside surfaces of all ofthe doors are abutting the outside surfaces of the back wall 16 and theside walls 18, 20. As a result, all of such outside surfaces aresubstantially shielded from air movement by their juxtaposition. Theonly surfaces that are exposed are the clean inside surfaces. Thus, eventhough the cart moves through contaminated areas from the supply room tothe operating room, and although the outside surfaces may becomesomewhat contaminated, in the operating room, these outside surfaces areall shielded and only the sterile inside surfaces of the doors and wallsare exposed.

As a result of the particular hinge construction, as described, itshould be appreciated that the cart can be opened from the closedcondition of FIG. 1 to the open condition of FIG. 5 with only minimalclearance between the cart and any wall behind it. It should also benoted that the cart need not be placed in the fully open condition, asshown in FIG. 5. The cart could be maintained in a partially opencondition with only the front door panels open, as shown in FIG. 2.

The side door panels 26, 30 can be selectively opened by means of arelease handle 60 in the front upper left hand corner, and a releasehandle 62 in the front upper right hand corner of the cart as shown inFIG. 2. These handles 60, 62 are better shown by way of examples inFIGS. 3 and 4, which show the details of the handle 60. The handle 60includes an arm 63 having elongated slots 64, 66 at the rear portion toaccommodate fastening members 68, 70, typically shown as rivets. The arm63 is fastened to a downwardly depending lip 72 extending from the topwall member 12.

The arm 63 includes a dog leg offset portion 74 which then continuesinto a reduced height section 76. The handle then continues incantelevered fashion to include a grip 78 which contains a cut outportion 80 for gripping the handle 60. At the front end of the handle60, there is a jaw member including an overlying upper lip 81 and alower jaw 82. An upwardly extending tooth 84 from the lower jaw 82,serves as a catch for grasping beneath the overhanging flange 86 of theside door panel 30. It should be noted, that the front surface of thetooth 82 has a cam surface 88 permitting a cam latching of the door.

Accordingly, when the side door panel 30 is closed against the latchingmechanism of the handle 60, the door panel will ride against the camsurface 88 and will automatically latch closed. In order to release thedoor panel 30, the grip 78 of the handle 60 is pulled downwardly inorder to release the tooth 84 from beneath the flange 86, and the doorpanel 30 can then be opened. A similar arrangement is provided for theother handle 62 at the front right side which serves to hold the sidedoor panel 26. If it is found that the dog leg offset portion 74deflects too much, an additional metal stiffener can be added, or theoffset can be reduced or eliminated.

As can best be seen in FIGS. 1, 6 and 7, connected on each side of thefixed side walls 28 and 32, is a swinging hook arrangement 90. The hookitself is a substantially V-shaped member having opposing side legs 92,94. The distal ends of the hook are outwardly bent to form feet whichare secured to the outer surface of the fixed panels 28, 30 by means ofthe clamps, 96, 98. The feet are loosely held in the clamps 96, 98 topermit swinging of the hook. In its relaxed position, the hook hangsdownwardly as shown in FIGS. 1 and 6. However, the hook can be swungupwardly as shown in FIG. 7. At the apex of the legs 92, 94 is provideda downwardly extending bend to form a finger 100 which can fit within adetent or cut out 102 formed in the upper edge of the door panel 26. Asimilar detent or cut out 102 is provided in the upper end of the otherside door panel 30. U-shaped bends 104, 106 are respectively formed inthe legs 94, 92 corresponding to the downward bend of the finger 100 inorder to permit the hook to abut against the outer surface of the fixedside walls 28, 32, as shown in FIG. 1.

As shown in FIG. 7, the side door 26 is unlatched by means of releasingthe door using the handle 62. The front door panel 22 is swung outwardlyand then back to be held in place by means of the outward extending hookarm 90, with the finger 100 entering into the cut out 102. The frontdoor panel 22 is then held in place, being spaced from the fixed sidewall 28. At the same time, the side door panel 26 is held opened in anangled position away from the fixed side wall 28. In this position, itshould be noted, that all door surfaces including the edges, door jambs,etc. are exposed. Accordingly, during the washing of the cart, andespecially when the cart is placed in an automatic cart wash, the hooks90 are used to hold the door panels in the position shown in FIG. 7. Inthis position, the entire cart is exposed to the washing action and thecart can be readily cleaned.

In prior art carts, the door panels are typically a double pan doorconstruction. While these types of doors provide rigidity, there is aspace between the two layers of material which has a tendency to collectcontaminated material, bacteria, etc. Additionally, when placed in acart wash, some of the wash water can collect in this space and will notdrain out. This will also cause contamination. Furthermore, the waterwill continuously drip out after the cart has been washed and provide asteady drip of wash water.

As seen in the figures, the present door panels are formed of single panconstruction with a substantially U-shaped channel about the edgethereof. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the door panels 22,24, 26 and 30 have a single layer of material and at the peripheraledge, there is formed the U-shaped channel having a horizontal flangesection 108 with a depending lip 110 at the peripheral edge thereof, thelip 110 being inwardly directed toward the center of door panel. Thistype of single pan construction with an inwardly directed U-shapedchannel about its periphery is also utilized for the base wall 14.

In connection with the side door panels 26, 30 and the front door panels22, 24, there is provided additional stiffening by means of thestiffening rods 112, 114, which are placed in the form of anintersecting X-shaped configuration. The distal ends of each of the rodsare welded to the inside of the U-shaped channels formed about theperiphery of the doors. At the center 116, in order to accommodate thecriss crossing of the rods, one fo the rods can be formed with aU-shaped bend in which the other crossing rod can sit, as best shown inFIG. 7. The two rods are welded together at their intersection 116. Theutilization of the intersection rods provides the equivalent of an innerpan to the door panels. However, it also avoids the empty space betweenthe prior art pans which would normally collect contamination.Furthermore, the utilization of the intersecting wires provides exposedsurfaces which can be readily cleaned in the automatic cart wash andavoids horizontal surfaces which can be contaminated.

At the lower end of the front door panels 22, 24, as well as the sidewall panels 26, 28, there is provided a separate stiffening member 118.Specifically, as shown in the figures, the lower edge of the door panelsare inwardly bent in a substantially V-shaped configuration having aninitial inward bend 120 followed by a lower outwardly directed bend 122.The bottom portion thus extends downwardly into an overhanging lip 124which overhangs the periphery 126 of the base wall 14. Such lower edgemembers 118 provide rigidity to the door. At the same time, they presenta baffle against outside air into the container. By forming the loweredge member 118 integrally with the door panel itself, it avoids theattachment of a separate stiffening or baffle piece. Such attachmentwould result in areas in which bacteria could grow. Utilizing thisconstruction, rigidity is provide as well as an integral baffle, andthese benefits are achieved without causing additional sources forcontamination.

Referring now to FIGS. 8 and 9, the construction of the base wall 14 isnoted to include the downward directed flange or periphery 126terminating into an inwardly directed flange 128. Again, stiffeningmembers 130, 132 are provided in an intersecting X-shaped configurationwith the distal ends of the rods being welded to the inside of theU-shaped channel formed at the periphery of the base member 14. At thecenter 134, one wire 132 forms a U-shaped bend to permit passagetherethrough of the other wire 130. If necessary, suitable spacers canbe provided to stand off the wires 130, 132 from the base wall 14.

The front door panels are held in place by means of a foot operated camlatch, shown generally at 136 in FIGS. 1 and 2. This cam latch is shownin more detail in connection with FIGS. 8, 9 and 10. The latch itself,as shown in FIG. 8, includes a cantelevered arm 138 having elongatedslots 140, 142 adjacent the distal edge portion thereof through whichare placed fasteners 144, such as rivets. The arm 138 extends along theunderside of the base wall 14 and passes through a slot 146 providedthrough the flange 126 formed peripherally about the base wall, as shownin FIGS. 9 and 10. The cantelevered arm 138 after passing through theslot 146 bends downward into a right angle connecting plate portion 148having elongated slots 150, 151 at the end thereof. Connected to theplate portion 148 is a cam latch plate 152, which is retained in placeby means of the bolts 154 and nuts 156, the bolts 154 passing throughthe elongated slots 150, 151. At the upper end of the latch plate 152,there is provided a downwardly angled finger 158 forming a cam surfacetherealong. At the lower end of the plate 152, there is connected aU-shaped foot pedal 160, better seen in FIGS. 1 and 2.

The lower edges 124 of the front door panels can be closed by pressingthem against the finger 158. The door panels side over the finger 158depressing the entire mechanism as shown by the arrow 162 in FIG. 10, sothat the arm 138 moves downward in the slot 146 to the position shown bythe dotted lines 164.

In order to release the door panels, the operator presses his foot downon the foot pedal 160, thereby again lowering the arm 138 to theposition shown at 164, whereby the door panels will be released from thelatch finger 158. It should be appreciated that the lower edges 124 ofthe door panels are held securely closed avoiding any contaminationwhich might flow into the container. The front latch 136 is therefore alatch which provides both a cam latch to close the door, and a footrelease to open the door.

When the container is opened to its fully opened condition as shown inFIG. 5, the front door panels 22, 24 overlie the back wall 16 and areheld in place by an additional latch shown generally at 166, in FIG. 5.This latch 166 is better shown in FIGS. 8 and 11. The latch 166 itselfincludes a cantelevered arm 168 held in place beneath the base wall 14by means of fastening members, such as rivets 170, 172 which fit intothe elongated slots 174, 176. The arm 168 extends through a slot 178formed in the back portion of the flange 126 of the base wall 14, andextends downwardly to a connecting plate portion 180. A cam latch plate182 is connected to the plate portion 180 by means of the bolts 184 andnuts 186. The latch plate 182 includes a finger portion fastened theretohaving a connecting section 184 which fastens directly onto the plate182. An upwardly inclined cam surface 186 extends from the section 184,and continues into the downwardly extending cam surface 188.

The lower edge 124 of the front door panel 24 can latch into the lockedposition by sliding over the cam surface 188 and resting within thenotch 190 defined between the upper edge 192 of the plate 182 and thebottom of the cam surface 186. The door can also be pulled out from itsclosed position by passing the door edge 124 over the cam surface 186.In each case, the cantelevered arm 168 moves downwardly within the slot178, as shown by the arrow 194, to the position shown in the dotted line196. It should therefore be appreciated, that the latch 166 forms a camin, cam out type of latch.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 5 and 6, there is provided a bumper rail 200peripherally about the base wall 14. The rail 200 is held in place bymeans of U-shaped clamps 202 which are typically bolted onto the flange126 formed about the base wall 14, and are also bolted to the rail. Ateach corner of the guard rail 200, there are provided bumper guards 204,typically formed out of rubber-like material. The peripheral size of theguard rail 200 is such that it forms the outermost surface for the cart10, and accordingly prevents any other portion of the cart from bumpinginto walls or damaging areas as the cart 10 moves through the hospital.

At one end of the upper wall 12, there is also provided a push/pull handrail or handle 205. The ends 207, 209 of the hand rail or handle 205 areangled and interconnect to the center hand rail section 211.

Normally, casters are provided on the surgical case cart. The castersare usually of the plate type and are mounted on horizontal membersunder the chassis by conventional means, such as threaded fasteners. Inthe prior art carts, these horizontal members are difficult to cleancompletely and, in some cases, they are designed in such a way thatthorough cleaning is virtually impossible and/or in such a way that thecleaning solution becomes entrapped and later drips onto the floor.

Referring now to FIGS. 8, 12 and 13, it will be noted that the undersideof the present chassis are free of these horizontal caster supports.Instead, apertures 206 are initially formed in the flange 128 of thebase wall 14, generally adjacent the four corners of the cart. Insertedwithin the apertures 206 are sockets having a tubular portion 208 whichextends through the aperture 206 and reaches up to the underside of thebase wall 14. It can then be welded in place along the periphery 210 ofthe tubular junction. Likewise, the interconnection at the aperture 206can also be welded. The socket 208 includes an exposed portion 212.

The casters themselves are of the stem type comprising a tubular stem214 having a peripheral groove 216 at the end portion of the stem 214. Aspring ring 220 is provided for fitting into the groove 216. With thering 220 in place, the stem 214 is pressed into the socket 208 and issecurely held in place.

The caster itself is of the usual stem type including the wheel 224secured in a yoke 226 by means of a threaded bolt 228 acting as an axle,and held by means of the nut 230. The yoke 226 forms a housing 234connected to the ball bearing assembly 236. The stem 214 sits upwardlyon the ball bearing assembly 236.

With the construction of the caster assembly as shown, there is avoidedthe problem of the horizontal members which would serve as a source ofcontamination entrapment. It should also be noted, that the flanges 128themselves, are downwardly sloped, as shown in FIGS. 10, 11 and 13. Thisprovides for drainage of fluid from the surface of the flanges 128 so asto permit cleaning of the base wall 14.

Referring now to FIG. 14, there will be described an unsanitarycondition existing in connection with prior art carts, which is avoidedby the construction of the present surgical case cart. Specifically, asshown in FIG. 14, the top wall 240 of prior art carts typically includesa downward depending skirt portion 242 which continues into an integralhorizontal section 244 and then into a downward lip 246. The sections244 and 246 form a seat which receives the conventional door panel 248,and provide a stop for such door panel.

With the construction shown in FIG. 14, if a liquid is spilled onto thetop surface 240 of the prior art cart, as shown at 250, the droplets ofthe spilled liquid will roll off the edge of the cart and run along theskirt portion 242. However, these droplets tend to adhere to the metalsurface as a result of surface tension. These droplets will thereforerun along the horizontal surface 244, and then run down along thevertical lip 246. As a result, it can drip off that vertical lip, asshown at 252. However, this construction permits the liquid to enter theinterior of the container, and contaminate same.

Accordingly, if liquids are accidentally spilled onto the prior art cartsurface 240, and if the cart is ready for use, someone will generallywipe and chemically sanitize the exterior of the cart. However, it isunlikely that the individual will realize that the interior is alsocontaminated. As a result, when using the prior art cart, it is possiblefor contaminated instruments to be used in surgery.

Referring now to FIG. 15, it will be noted that the construction of thepresent surgical case cart avoids this abovementioned contaminationproblem. Specifically, the top wall 12 also includes a downwardlydepending skirt portion 254. However, the skirt portion 254 terminatesin a free distal edge 256. As a result, fluid 258 which may spill ontothe surface of top wall 12 will run along the skirt portion 254.However, once it reaches the free end 256, it will drop down outside ofthe cart. It should be noted, that the distal edge 256 terminates at apoint above and slightly outward of the door panels, such as the doorpanel 24, as shown. As a result, there is no possibility of this liquid258 flowing onto the container itself.

The present construction also eliminates the horizontal dirt catchingledge 244 above the door panel 248 as in the prior art shown in FIG. 14.Instead, a separate retaining member is connected to the inner surfaceof the skirt portion 254 by means of the connecting section 259, whichcontinues into the downward sloping section 260, terminating in the lip263. The door panel is retained by means of the lip 262 holding it inplace. Thus, the prior art horizontal section 244 has been eliminatedand replaced by the sloping section 260 of the present invention, whichis preferable since water can now drip off this sloping ledge during thecleaning thereof, and no dirt catching pockets or horizontal surfacesare available for contamination.

Although the front door panels 22, 24 are held in place by means of thefoot release latch 136 heretofore described, a locking mechanism is alsorequired so that the foot pedal will only operate when the door panelsare unlocked. Such locking mechanism is shown in detail in FIGS. 16-18.Additionally, most prior art carts include a locking mechanism which hasonly two positions indicating whether the door is locked or opened.However, it is now appreciated that there are two occasions for the doorpanels to be locked.

Specifically, initially when the sterile instruments are placed in thecontainer, it is locked and ready for transport into the operating room.After the contaminated instruments have been placed into the cart, it isagain locked for transporting back to the decontamination area. It wouldbe preferrable to have an indication of when the door panels are lockedwith sterile instruments, and when the door panels are locked withcontaminated instruments. By having a locked position unique for sterileinstruments, there is avoided the possibility of having the contaminatedinstruments brought back into the operating room. Also, by providing anindication that the door panels are locked with sterile instruments, itwould avoid the possibility that a sterile cart ready for operation willbe sent to the decontamination area.

As shown in FIGS. 16-18, the locking mechanism includes a handle portion264 having a flattened plate 266 which rests against the outer surfaceof the door panel 22 and a perpendicular handle section 268 formanipulation of the locking mechanism. The handle section 268 extendsonly partially along the edge of plate 266. Connected to the plate 266is a post 270 which passes through an opening 272 in a latch plate 274,and continues into an opening 276 provided in the front door panel 22.The post 270 is secured in place by means of a compression washer 278having an aperture 280 therein and a steel washer 282 also having acorresponding aperture 284 therein. The post 270 is secured in place bymeans of the push-on cap nut 286.

The latch plate 274 is welded to the plate 266 for rotation therewith.The latch plate 274 includes a plurality of nipples or protusions 288.These nipples 288 are received in detents 290 formed directly into thewall of the door panel 22. As shown, there are a total of 4 detents 290and corresponding nipples 288. However, the number of niples and detentscan be altered so long as there are provided at least three unique stoppositions for the handle portion 264.

The latch plate 274 is provided with a circular shape having an arcuatesection thereof cut off at 292. However, so long as there are twolateral extending sections to the plate, it should suffice.

The locking mechanism is connected to the upper end of the door panel22, as best shown in FIG. 1. The lateral extensions of the latch plate274 are such that they can extend upwardly beneath the distal free end256 of the skirt portion 254 of the top wall 12. As shown in FIG. 17,one of the lateral sections 294 of latch plate 274 is provided at oneend, with another lateral section 296 provided adjacent thereto, the cutoff section 292 being thereacross. It should be noted, that a matingnipple and detent is provided for these three positions.

A first position of the locking mechanism is shown in FIG. 17. In thisposition, the lateral extension 294 extends upwardly beneath the skirtportion 254 so as to prevent the door 22 from being opened. Thisposition is used to indicate that the cart contains sterile equipmentand is ready to be brought into the operating room. In this position,the doors are locked and cannot be opened even if the foot latch isaccidentally depressed.

Referring now to FIG. 19, it is noted that the flattened portion 292 ofthe latch plate 297 faces upwardly with the handle portion 264 lying ina horizontal position toward the right. In this position, the doors areunlocked, whereby the foot latch 136 is operative to open the door. Inthe position shown in FIG. 20, the handle 264 is now placed in the lefthand position, whereby the lateral extension 296 now engages beneath theskirt portion 254 and again prevents the doors from being opened. Thelocked position shown in FIG. 20, and also in FIG. 1, is the oneutilized to show that the contents of the container are in acontaminated condition and ready to be brought into the decontaminationarea.

It should be apprecited, that in the two locked positions, the footpedal 136 is ineffective to open the door panels. On the other hand,when the lock is in the open position, as shown in FIG. 19, the footpedal 136 can be used to automatically open the door.

The cart normally leaves the supply area with the handle in the positionshown in FIG. 17 indicating that the cart has sterile contents. In thisposition, it will be brought to the operating room area. At that place,inventory is taken prior to the operation and the latch is then left inthe open position shown in FIG. 19. In this position, the foot latch 136can be easily utilized to release the door panels and open the doorpanels without the use of the operator's hands. At the conclusion of theoperation, the contaminated equipment is returned to the cart and thelatch is positioned as shown in FIG. 20. Thereagain, the doors areretained closed even in the event of inadvertent activation of the footpedal 136. The position of the handle portion 264 is here intended toindicate that the cart is now in a contaminated state. However, it isunderstood, that the indications of the two locked positions can bereversed without any change in the structure of the handle position 264,whereby the position shown in FIG. 17 could just as well mean thecontents are contaminated, and the position showin in FIG. 20 would thenmean the contents are sterile.

Although the locking mechanism shown in FIGS. 16-20 is only applied toone door panel 22, it will be noted in FIGS. 2 and 5 that the adjacentdoor panel 24 has a U-shaped edge 300 along the abutting edge whichcloses adjacent to the door panel 22. With the door panels in the closedposition, the door panel 24 is closed first, and the door panel 22 isthen closed thereon so that the edge 300 is locked beneath the adjacentedge of the door panel 22. Accordingly, with the locking mechanismhandle portion 264 locked onto the door panel 22 as shown in FIG. 17,the door panel 24 will automatically be held closed.

At the same time, as is noted in FIG. 5, when the two door panels are intheir completely open position, with the front door panels lying overthe back wall 16, the door panel 22 is closed onto the back wall 16first, and the door panel 24 is then closed thereon so that the edge 300serves to hold the door panel 22 in place. The rear latch 166 thenlatches onto the lip 124 of the door panel 24 to securely hold both doorpanels in place.

Referring now to FIG. 21, it is noted that in the prior art carts, thereexists an unsanitary condition where the chassis 302 joins the backand/or side wall 304. Typically the chassis is formed to include a topwall 306 with downwardly depending side walls 308 and an inwardly turnedlower flange 310. The back and/or side wall is secured onto the verticalside wall 308 by means of welds or other fastening members. However, atthe point of intersection 312, a condition is generated where the twopieces of metal are adjacent to one another and where the space isnormally not sealed. This problem exists not only in connecting the backwall to the chassis but also the side walls to the chassis. As a result,the space covers a great deal of area around a good portion of theperiphery of the cart, and in this large area, bacteria can be retained.

In order to try to reduce this problem, the joint 312 is often filledwith sealant material. However, it is generally found that due to thenature of the joint, these sealant materials become dislodged during thecart washing, and the resultant cavity becomes a collection point fordirt and water, and cannot be cleaned properly.

In order to avoid this situation, the present invention contemplates animproved junction which avoids the vertical adjacency of the metalbetween the walls and the chassis. Specifically, referring now to FIG.22, there is shown a chassis 314 again having an upper wall 316 with adownwardly depending skirt portion 318 and inwardly turned slopingflanges 320. The back and/or side wall 322 is shown having its loweredge terminating in an inwardly directed flange 324. Typically, thisflange 324 is arranged at an angle of 45 degrees from the back walland/or side wall. The flange edge 326 comes in contact with the chassisupper wall 316 at a point removed from the back of the chassis, and iswelded at the edge 326. As a result, there is no surface contact betweenthe back and/or side wall and the chassis, and consequently no harboragearea for bacteria. Since continuous welding can be used, there will beno cracks or crevices inside the cart, and at the outside of the cartthe joint is opened and exposed to a thorough washing. In this type ofconstruction, the side walls can be made integral with the back wall,and are also joined to the chassis in the same manner as shown in FIG.22.

A second embodiment is shown in FIG. 23. In this case, the back and/orside wall 328 is formed integral with the upper wall 330 of the chassis,and continues downward into the front skirt portion 332 and the lowerinwardly turned flange 334. The back wall could also be formedintegrally with the side walls. The lower end of the side walls would beattached to the chassis utilizing the embodiment shown in FIG. 22, or inthat shown in FIG. 24.

The structure shown in FIG. 23, results in an extremely cleanable insidesurface in that there is no joint at all at the back. In roder toproperly support the chassis, a support piece 336 can be attached withthe upper horizontal leg 338 secured to the underside of the upper wall330, and also has a downwardly depending skirt portion 340 similar tothe skirt portion 332. There would also be a matching inwardly directedangled flange portion 342 matching that of the flange 334. Althoughthere does result a seam 344 at the interconnection between the leg 338and the upper wall 330, this seam is outside the cart and does notprovide for any contamination. Surface contact along the joint 346 isminimal. Various attachment methods can be utilized including spotwelding.

Referring now to FIG. 24, there is shown a variation of the embodimentshown in FIG. 22, where the expensive continuous weld shown at 326 inFIG. 22 has been replaced by a series of spot or plug welds 348, alongwith a solder seal along the edge 350. In this embodiment, an additionalhorizontal leg 352 extends from the angled flange 324 and provides forsurface contact along the top of the upper wall 316. This leg 352 is theone that is spot welded to the upper wall 316. It is at the front edge350 thereof where the solder is disposed. The surface contact area isminimal and the inside of the joint is sealed by soldering.

Reliance is not made on the solder for strength, but rather on the plugor spot welds 348. The flat contact leg 352 is only required because ofthe fact that the welds must be removed from the solder joint so thatthe oxidation resulting from the welding operation does not interferewith the adhesion of the solder. The side walls of the embodiment shownin FIG. 24 would again be made integral with the back walls and would bejoined to the chassis in the same way as shown in FIG. 22, or inaccordance with that shown in FIG. 24. It is noted, that the inwardlydirected flange 324 is provided on the side walls 28, 32 and the rearwall 16, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 6.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a unique surgical case cartwhich has improved accessibility through the use of the side door panelsto which the front door panels are mounted. This results in increasedvisability, increased facility for cleaning, and results in the benefitsof an open cart while providing the security and sanitary condition of aclosed cart. The construction of the chassis is improved in that thecasters are stem mounted, and there are no flat horizontal surfaces onwhich dirt can collect on the casters. Also, the relationship betweenthe back, the sides and the chassis, where the intersection thereofoccurs, is made more sanitary than in the prior art. The construction ofthe door panels is improved, wherein they have no cracks, crevices, orconcealed areas. At the same time, the door panels exhibit the rigidityof double pan doors. The edges of the door panels create a full baffleeffect in order to reduce the movement of contaminated air into or outof the cart.

The present construction also includes an improved front top edge whereliquids spilled on the top wall do not drip into the inside of thecontainer. The door latch provides an improvement since it serves bothto retain the door panels as well as indicate whether the cart contentsare sterile or contaminated. At the same time, opening of the cart inthe operating room can be accomplished without the use of the operator'shands.

There has been described heretofore the best embodiments of theinvention presently contemplated. However, it is to be understood thatvarious changes and modifications may be made thereto without departingfrom the spirit of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A cart comprising:a container having a base, atop wall, a rear wall, opposing first and second side walls and a frontwall; said front wall including at least one front door panel havingopposing first and second side edge portions; said first side wall beingdivided to define a forward side door panel and a rearward fixed sidepanel, said forward side door panel having opposing first and secondside edge portions, and said rearward fixed side panel having opposingfirst and second side edge portions; said first side edge portion ofsaid rearward fixed side panel being fixed to an adjacent side edgeportion of said rear wall; first hinge means hingedly coupling saidfirst side edge portion of said forward side door panel to said secondside edge portion of said rearward fixed side panel, said first hingemeans permitting approximately 180 degrees of rotation for permittingmovement of said forward side door panel between a first position ingenerally coplanar relation with said rearward fixed side panel and asecond position overlying and in generally congruent mutally parallelrelation with said rearward fixed side panel; and second hinge meanshingedly coupling said first side edge portion of said one front doorpanel to said second side edge portion of said forward side door panel,said second hinge means permitting approximately 270 degrees of rotationfor permitting movement of said one front door panel among a firstattitude constituting at least a portion of said front wall of said cartwhen said forward side door panel is in said first position, a secondattitude overlying and in generally mutually parallel relation to saidrearward fixed side panel and said forward side door panel when saidforward side door panel is in said first position, and a third attitudeoverlying and in generally mutually parallel relation to at least aportion of said rear wall when said forward side door panel is in saidsecond position; whereby said container can be placed in a first opencondition with said one front door panel in said second attitude rotatedabout said second hinge means toward said forward side door panel insaid first position to provide access to an interior of said container,and whereby said container can be placed in a second open condition withsaid forward side door panel in said said second position rotated aboutsaid first hinge means toward said rearward fixed side panel and saidone front door panel in said third attitude rotated about said secondhinge means toward said rear wall to provide both visibility and accessto said interior of said container.
 2. A cart as in claim 1, whereinsaid forward side door panel is substantially congruent and coextensivewith said rearward fixed side panel, and wherein said front wall issubstantially congruent and coextensive with said rear wall.
 3. A cartas in claim 1, and further comprising releasable latch means forretaining said forward side door panel in position between said top walland said base, and for preventing said forward side door panel fromrotating about said first hinge means.
 4. A cart as in claim 3, whereinsaid forward side door panel includes an upper edge having a downwardlydepending flange defining a lip, and wherein said releasable latch meansincludes a release handle coupled to said top wall, said release handleincluding a spring biased latch for engaging said lip.
 5. A cart as inclaim 1, and further comprising arm means for holding said one frontdoor panel in a spaced position from said rearward fixed side panel tomaintain said container in an opened position to expose interiorsurfaces of said front wall and said side walls to facilitate washing ofthe cart.
 6. A cart as in claim 5, wherein said arm means includes adownwardly swinging arm coupled to an exterior of said rearward fixedside panel, said arm having a retaining finger at a distal end thereof,and wherein said one front door panel has an upper edge provided withdetent means therein for receiving said arm finger.
 7. A cart as inclaim 1, and further comprising latching means for selectively retainingsaid container in a closed cart position and in an opened cart position.8. A cart as in claim 7, wherein said one front door panel includes adownwardly depending lip portion, and wherein said latching meansincludes a forwardly extending pedal release first cam latchcantelevered from a front portion of said base for engaging said lipportion to retain said container in said closed cart position, and arearwardly extending second cam latch cantelevered from a rear portionof said base for engaging said lip portion to retain said container insaid opened cart position.
 9. A cart as in claim 1, wherein said frontwall includes a second front door panel having opposing first and secondside edge portions, and said second side wall is divided to define asecond forward side door panel and a second rearward fixed sidepanel;said second forward side door panel having opposing first andsecond side edge portions, and said second rearward fixed side panelhaving opposing first and second side edge portions; said first sideedge portion of said second rearward fixed side panel being fixed to anadjacent second side edge portion of said rear wall; third hinge meanshingedly coupling said first side edge portion of said second forwardside door panel to said second side edge portion of said second rearwardfixed side panel; and fourth hinge means hingedly coupling said firstside edge portion of said second front door panel to said second sideedge portion of said second forward side door panel.
 10. A cart as inclaim 9, wherein said one front door panel has an extending flange alongits abutting side edge to act as a stop for said second front doorpanel.
 11. A cart as in claim 9, wherein both said rearward fixed sidepanels are fixed respectively to said top wall and said base to preventmovement therebetween.
 12. A cart as in claim 1, wherein said rearwardfixed side panel is fixed to both said top wall and said base to preventmovement therebetween.
 13. A cart as in claim 9, wherein said thirdhinge means permits approxiately 180 degrees of rotation for permittingmovement of said second forward side door panel between a first positionin generally coplanar relation with said second rearward fixed sidepanel and a second position overlying and in generally congruentmutually parallel realtion with said second rearward fixed side panel.14. A cart as in claim 13, wherein said fourth hinge means permitsapproximately 270 degrees of rotation for permitting movement of saidsecond front door panel among a first attitude constituting a portion ofsaid front wall of said cart when said second forward side door panel isin said first position, a second attitude overlying and in generallymutually parallel relation to said second rearward fixed side panel andsaid second forward side door panel when said second forward side doorpanel is in said first position, and a third attitude overlying and ingenerally mutually parallel relation to a portion of said rear wall whensaid second forward side door panel is in said second position.
 15. Acart comprising:a container having a base, a top wall, a rear wall,opposing first and second side walls and a front wall; said front wallincluding at least one front door panel having opposing first and secondside edge portions; said first side wall being divided to define aforward side door panel and a rearward fixed side panel, said forwardside door panel having opposing first and second side edge portions, andsaid rearward fixed side panel having opposing first and second sideedge portions; said first side edge portion of said rearward fixed sidepanel being fixed to an adjacent side edge portion of said rear wall;first hinge means hingedly coupling said first side edge portion of saidforward side door panel to said second side edge portion of saidrearward fixed side panel; and second hinge means hingedly coupling saidfirst side edge portion of said one front door panel to said second sideedge portion of said forward side door panel; whereby said container canbe placed in a first open condition with said one front door panelrotated about said second hinge means toward said forward side doorpanel to provide access to an interior of said container, and wherebysaid container can be placed in a second open condition with saidforward side door panel rotated about said first hinge means toward saidrearward fixed side panel and said one front door rotated about saidsecond hinge means toward said rear wall to provide both visibility andaccess to said interior of said container; latching means forselectively retaining said container in a closed cart position and in anopened cart position; said one front door panel including a downwardlydepending lip portion; and said latching means including a forwardlyextending pedal release first cam latch cantelevered from a frontportion of said base for engaging said lip portion to retain saidcontainer in said closed cart position, and a rearwardly extendingsecond cam latch cantelevered from a rear portion of said base forengaging said lip portion to retain said container in said opened cartposition.